@article {394,
	title = {The {\textquoteright}marine heat wave{\textquoteright} off Western Australia during the summer of 2010/11},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1-40},
	publisher = {Western Australia Department of Fisheries},
	abstract = {* Water temperatures off the south-western coast of Western Australia rose to unprecedented
levels during February and March 2011, and this warming event has been termed a {\textquotedblleft}marine
heat wave{\textquotedblright}. While surface temperatures were more than 3{\textdegree}C above the long-term monthly
average over an extended area in February 2011, the temperature in some localised areas in
coastal waters exceeded the long-term monthly average by 5{\textdegree}C for periods of a day or two in
late February/early March.
* A scientific Workshop was organised on Thursday 5 May, 2011 to review the oceanic processes
and biological/fisheries consequences of the heat wave and to provide a means for capturing
much of the anecdotal information.
* This heat wave, which coincided with an extremely strong La Ni{\~n}a event and a record strength
Leeuwin Current, is viewed as a major temperature anomaly superimposed on the underlying
long-term ocean-warming trend.
* While sudden changes in water temperature have been recorded in waters off the Western Australian
coast in the past, there have been no previous records of such strongly elevated temperatures.
* Biological effects reported to date include fish and invertebrate deaths, extensions and
contractions in species distributions, variations in recruitment and growth-rates, impacts on
trophic relationships and community structure, and variations in catch rates of exploited species.
* As such, the elevated water temperatures were viewed as resulting either in mortality or in a
variety of {\textquotedblleft}sub-lethal{\textquotedblright} effects, both of which can have either short or long-term implications.
* These observed and expected biological consequences are based primarily on anecdotal
information collected during or directly after the passage of the heat wave. However, as results
from ongoing research and monitoring programs become available, a more comprehensive and
considered view of the effects will be forthcoming in the form of peer-reviewed journal papers.
* While widespread mortality of fish and invertebrates were reported, none were shown to be
attributable to disease.
* It appears that the incursions of large volumes of silt-laden water from river outflows into the
adjacent coastal waters of the mid-west coast between Dongara and NW Cape following the
passage of the tropical cyclone Bianca in late January are also likely to have contributed to
the mortality experienced by the marine biota of that region.
* While the nature of the impacts will to a large extent dictate the type and degree of management
response, most of the fishery responses identified in this report are currently covered in the
ongoing monitoring and assessment protocols in place in the Department of Fisheries, noting that
in particular, the response to mortality events is a well co-ordinated, interdepartmental process.
* The two most urgent {\textquotedblleft}Fisheries Management{\textquotedblright} actions are (a) the need to review the
management (and future monitoring) arrangements for Area 8 of the Roe{\textquoteright}s abalone fishery,
and (b) to determine the consequences of any additional mortality of the 2010 rock lobster
puerulus settlement.},
	keywords = {biodiversity, heat wave, stress, temperature},
	isbn = {978-1-921845-25-3},
	issn = {222, 2011},
	attachments = {http://ningaloo-atlas.org.au/sites/default/files/Marine heat wave off WA report.pdf},
	author = {Pearce, A and Lenanton, R and Jackson, G and Moore, J and Feng, M and Gaughan, D},
	editor = {Western Australia Deaprtment of Fisheries}
}
